Built-in safeguards against overvoltage, overcurrent, overheating, and short circuits Schematic Overview and Circuit Design

: The AC input typically passes through a small EMI filter and a bridge rectifier. A high-voltage electrolytic capacitor (often 4.7µF, 400V) smooths the rectified DC.

: A miniature surface-mount full-wave bridge rectifier processes the incoming AC wave. Alternatively, if high-voltage DC is provided directly to the inputs (e.g., 70V–390V), the bridge rectifier ensures the polarity is properly routed.