All genotypes have an equal chance of survival and reproduction. The Mathematical Equation If a gene has only two alleles in a population, , we assign their frequencies as:
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Without this theory, "genome-wide association studies" are just lists of random letters. Without this theory, "CRISPR" is just scissors without a target. Population genetics theory tells us why deleterious mutations are common, how much adaptive evolution actually occurs (very little, per Kimura’s Neutral Theory), and when a population is doomed to extinction. All genotypes have an equal chance of survival