Light microscopy, electron microscopy, and staining techniques (Gram stain, Acid-fast stain, endospore stain). Bacteriology
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Microbiology is both a basic and applied science. It investigates fundamental life processes while solving practical problems in medicine, agriculture, and industry. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Highly specific defense mechanisms involving B-lymphocytes (antibody production) and T-lymphocytes (cell-mediated immunity).