Engineering Thermodynamics Work And Heat Transfer » 〈TOP〉

The net energy transfer to the system (heat in, work out) equals the change in its total internal energy (assuming negligible kinetic/potential changes): [ \Delta U = Q - W ] Or, in differential form for a process: [ dU = \delta Q - \delta W ] (Note the use of $\delta$ for path-dependent work/heat, versus $d$ for the exact differential of a state property $U$.)

Ẇshaft=2πNTtorquecap W dot sub shaft end-sub equals 2 pi cap N cap T sub torque end-sub engineering thermodynamics work and heat transfer

Heat transfer is the energy transfer that occurs solely because of a temperature difference. It is the "natural" flow of energy, adhering to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, where energy spontaneously moves from a hot region to a cold region. The net energy transfer to the system (heat