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A house-trained dog or cat that begins urinating indoors may not be acting out. They often suffer from urinary tract infections (UTIs), bladder stones, diabetes, or age-related cognitive decline.

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The line between "medical" and "behavioral" is porous. A dog with a skin allergy (atopy) scratches incessantly. The scratching releases endorphins, creating a compulsive loop. Even after the allergy is treated with medication, the dog continues to scratch out of habit—a behavior problem born from a medical one. Veterinary science now recognizes that treating the skin is only half the battle; one must also treat the learned behavior via environmental modification and training. A house-trained dog or cat that begins urinating

Without the lens of veterinary science, behavior modification is guesswork. With it, it is targeted therapy. This link or copies made by others cannot be deleted