The Growing Global Threat Of Antibiotic Resistance Ielts Reading Answers Top [work] Here

The Growing Global Threat Of Antibiotic Resistance Ielts Reading Answers Top [work] Here

Biologically, antibiotic resistance is a natural evolutionary process. When a population of bacteria is exposed to an antibiotic, the majority of sensitive organisms are eradicated. However, a small minority may possess spontaneous genetic mutations that render them immune to the drug's effects. These surviving "superbugs" then reproduce, passing their resistant traits to subsequent generations. Furthermore, bacteria can share resistance genes horizontally with entirely different species through mechanisms like conjugation, transforming benign microbes into dangerous, untreatable pathogens.

(Justification: Paragraph F highlights the "economic bottleneck" and explains that pharmaceutical companies lack financial incentives because antibiotics are short-duration drugs.) not the humans or animals

Antibiotics are medicines used to prevent and treat bacterial infections. Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in response to the use of these medicines. It is the bacteria, not the humans or animals, that become antibiotic-resistant. These bacteria may infect humans and animals, and the infections they cause are harder to treat than those caused by non-resistant bacteria. These surviving "superbugs" then reproduce