Medications like fluoxetine are commonly used to treat chronic separation anxiety, generalized anxiety, and compulsive behaviors in dogs and cats.

Horses are flight animals. In a veterinary setting, a scared horse doesn't bite—it crashes through walls. Behavior science has introduced the concept of "consent" in equine medicine. Using target training, vets can teach a horse to lean into an injection or to pick up its hoof for an X-ray. This reduces the need for chemical sedation, which carries risks of colic and ataxia.

Keywords integrated: animal behavior and veterinary science, veterinary behaviorists, low-stress handling, pain-induced aggression, psychopharmacology in animals, canine cognitive dysfunction, feline grimace scale.